The Persian Empire was conquered by Alexander the Great, who divided his kingdom among his servants before his death, leading to a period of evil and corruption. Antiochus, the son of King Antiochus, rose to power and desecrated the temple in Jerusalem, prompting Mattathias, a priest, and his sons, including Judas Maccabeus, to refuse to obey Antiochus' order to sacrifice to idols. Judas led the battle for Israel, achieving many victories against the Gentiles, but was eventually killed. His brothers Jonathan and Simon continued to lead the Israelites, forming alliances with the Romans and fighting against various enemies, including the Seleucid kings. Simon eventually became the high priest and commander of the forces, bringing peace and prosperity to Judah, and was recognized by the Romans and the Spartans as a great leader.