1 Maccabees 6
King Antiochus, upon hearing of the riches in the city of Elymais, attempted to seize it but was unsuccessful and fled. He then received news of his defeat in Judah and fell ill, realizing his troubles were a result of his evil deeds in Jerusalem. Antiochus appointed Philip to care for his son and kingdom, then died. Lysias, who had been caring for Antiochus' son, appointed him king and named him Eupator. Judas Maccabeus besieged the stronghold in Jerusalem, and some of the Israelites who had joined the Gentiles reported to the new king, asking for his help. The king gathered a large army and marched towards Jerusalem, but Judas' army fought bravely, and the king's army was defeated. The king's camp eventually took control of Bethzur and laid siege to Jerusalem, but due to famine and weakness, Lysias advised the king to make peace with the Jews, allowing them to follow their own laws. The king agreed, but later broke his oath and ordered the destruction of the surrounding wall before departing for Antioch.
1 And king Antiochus was traveling through the upper regions, and he heard that the city of Elymais in Persia was very noble and abundant in silver and gold 2 and that the temple in it was very opulent, and that there were, in that place, coverings of gold, and breastplates and shields, which Alexander, the son of Philip, king of Macedonia, who reigned first in Greece, had left behind 3 So he came and sought to seize the city and to pillage it. And he was not able, because this plan became known to those who were in the city 4 And they rose up in battle, and he fled away from there, and he departed with great sadness, and he returned into Babylon 5 And someone arrived to report to him in Persia, that those who were in the land of Judah were forced to flee the camp 6 and that Lysias went forth with a particularly strong army, and he was forced to flee before the face of the Jews, and that they were strengthened by the weapons, and resources, and many spoils which they seized from the camps they demolished 7 and that they had destroyed the abomination, which he had established on the altar that was in Jerusalem, and that the sanctuary, just as before, had been encircled with high walls, along with Bethzur, his city 8 And it happened that, when the king heard these words, he was terrified and very moved. And he fell down on his bed, and he fell into feebleness out of grief. For it had not happened to him as he had intended 9 And he was in that place through many days. For a great grief was renewed in him, and he concluded that he would die 10 And he called all his friends, and he said to them: "Sleep has withdrawn from my eyes, and I am declining, and my heart has collapsed out of anxiety 11 And I said in my heart: How much trouble has come to me, and what floods of sorrow there are, where I am now! I used to be cheerful and beloved in my power 12 Truly, now, I remember the evils that I did in Jerusalem, from which place I also took away all the spoils of gold and silver that were in it, and I sent to carry away the inhabitants of Judah without cause 13 Therefore, I know that it is because of this that these evils have found me. And behold, I perish with great sorrow in a foreign land. 14 Then he called Philip, one of his friends, and he placed him first over all his kingdom 15 And he gave him the diadem, and his robe, and his ring, so that he would guide Antiochus, his son, and raise him, and so that he would reign 16 And king Antiochus died there, in the one hundred and forty-ninth year 17 And Lysias knew that the king was dead, and he appointed Antiochus, his son, to reign, whom he had raised from adolescence. And he called his name Eupator 18 And those who were in the stronghold had enclosed the Israelites by surrounding the holy places. And they continually sought to do evil to them and to support the Gentiles 19 And Judas intended to disperse them. And he called together all the people, in order to besiege them 20 And they came together and besieged them in the one hundred and fiftieth year, and they made catapults and other machines 21 And certain ones of these, who were besieged, escaped. And some of the impious out of Israel joined themselves to them 22 And they went to the king, and they said: "How long will you not act with judgment and vindicate our brothers 23 We resolved to serve your father, and to walk according to his precepts, and to obey his edicts 24 And because of this, the sons of our people have alienated themselves from us, and they have put to death as many of us as they could find, and they have torn apart our inheritances 25 And they have not extended their hand against us only, but also against all within our borders 26 And behold, this day they have taken a position near the stronghold of Jerusalem to occupy it, and they have fortified the stronghold of Bethzur 27 And, unless you quickly act to prevent them, they will do greater things than these, and you will not be able to subdue them. 28 And the king was angry when he heard this. And he called together all his friends, and the leaders of his army, and those who were over the horsemen 29 But there even came to him mercenary armies from other kingdoms and from the islands of the sea 30 And the number of his army was one hundred thousand footmen, and twenty thousand horsemen, and thirty-two elephants trained for battle 31 And they traveled through Idumea, and they took a position near Bethzur. And they fought for many days, and they made machines of war. But they came out and burnt them with fire, and they fought manfully 32 And Judas departed from the stronghold, and he moved the camp to Bethzechariah, opposite the camp of the king 33 And the king rose up, before it was light, and he forced his troops to march toward the way of Bethzechariah. And the armies prepared themselves for battle, and they sounded the trumpets 34 And they showed the elephants the blood of grapes and mulberries, to provoke them to fight 35 And they divided the beasts by the legions, and there stood by every elephant a thousand men, with shields joined together and with brass helmets on their heads. And five hundred well-ordered horsemen were chosen for every beast 36 These were ready beforehand, and wherever the beast was, they were there; and whenever it moved, they moved, and they did not depart from it 37 Moreover, upon them there were strong wooden turrets, watching over every beast, with machines upon them, and on them were thirty-two valiant men, who fought from above, and an Indian to rule each beast 38 And the rest of the horsemen, he stationed here and there, in two parts, with trumpets to stir up the army and to urge on those who were slow to move within its legions 39 And so, when the sun reflected off the shields of gold and of brass, the mountains were resplendent from them, and they glowed like lamps of fire 40 And part of the king’s army was divided to the high mountains, and the other part to the low places. And they went forth with order and caution 41 And all the inhabitants of the land were shaken at the voice of their multitude, and at the advance of the company, and at the clash of the armor. For the army was very great and strong 42 And Judas and his army drew near for battle. And there fell of the king’s army six hundred men 43 And Eleazar, the son of Saura, saw one of the beasts shielded with the king’s shield, and it was higher than the other beasts. So it seemed to him that the king must be on it 44 And he gave himself for the freedom of his people, and to obtain for himself a name in eternity 45 And he ran up to it boldly in the midst of the legion, killing on the right and on the left, and they fell down before him on this side and that 46 And he went between the feet of the elephant, and put himself under it, and he killed it. And it fell to the ground upon him, and he died there 47 And, seeing the strength of the king and the forcefulness of his army, they turned themselves away from them 48 But the king’s camp went up against them in Jerusalem. And the king’s camp took up a position near Judea and Mount Zion 49 And he made peace with those who were in Bethzur. And they went out of the city, because they had no provisions in their confinement, for it was the Sabbath of the land 50 And the king captured Bethzur, and he stationed a garrison there to keep it 51 And he turned his camp against the place of sanctification for many days. And he stationed there catapults and other machines: machines to cast fire, and windlasses to cast stones and darts, and small catapults to cast arrows and metal 52 But they also made machines against their machines, and they fought for many days 53 But there were no foods in the city, because it was the seventh year. And those who had remained in Judea were from the Gentiles, so they consumed all that they had left from what had been stored up 54 And there remained in the holy places a few men, for the famine had prevailed over them. And they were scattered, each one to his own place 55 Then Lysias heard that Philip, whom king Antiochus had appointed, when he was still alive, to raise his son, Antiochus, and to reign 56 had returned from Persia and Media, with the army that went with him, and that he sought to take upon himself the affairs of the kingdom 57 He hurried to go and to say to the king and the commanders of the army: "We are weakened everyday, and our food is limited, and the place that we besiege is strong, and it is incumbent upon us to put the kingdom in order 58 And so now, let us bestow a pledge to these men, and make peace with them and with all their nation 59 And let us establish for them that they may walk according to their own laws, just as before. For, because of their laws, which we despised, they have become angry and have done all these things. 60 And the idea was pleasing in the sight of the king and the leaders. And he sent to them to make peace. And they accepted it 61 And the king and the leaders swore to them. And they went out of the stronghold 62 Then the king entered into Mount Zion, and saw the fortifications of the place, and so he abruptly broke the oath that he had sworn, and he commanded the surrounding wall to be destroyed 63 And he departed in haste and returned to Antioch, where he found Philip ruling the city. And he fought against him and occupied the city