2 Samuel
David mourned the death of Saul and Jonathan, then became king over Judah and eventually all of Israel, establishing a strong government and defeating his enemies. However, his personal life was marred by sin, including his affair with Bathsheba and the murder of her husband Uriah. David's son Absalom rebelled against him, but was eventually defeated and killed in battle. David faced other challenges, including a rebellion led by Sheba and a three-year famine, but he sought the Lord and made amends for past wrongs. David's men fought against the Philistines, and he praised God as his rock and deliverer, listing the names of his mighty men and noting the qualities of a just ruler. Ultimately, David's reign was marked by both triumph and tragedy, but he remained committed to God and was forgiven for his sins.
Chapter 1
A young Amalekite man came to David, claiming to have killed Saul, and presented Saul's crown and bracelet as proof. David and his men mourned the death of Saul and Jonathan, and David had the Amalekite killed for his role in Saul's death. David then lamented the loss of Saul and Jonathan, praising their bravery and mourning their passing, and instructed the people of Judah to learn the bow in their memory.
Chapter 2
David inquired of the Lord and was instructed to go to Hebron, where he was anointed king over Judah. Meanwhile, Abner, captain of Saul's host, made Ishbosheth, Saul's son, king over Israel. The two armies clashed at the pool of Gibeon, resulting in a fierce battle in which Asahel, one of David's men, was killed by Abner. The battle ended when Joab blew a trumpet, and the people stood still, ceasing to pursue Israel.
Chapter 3
The war between the house of Saul and the house of David continued, with David growing stronger and the house of Saul weakening. David's sons were born in Hebron, and Abner, who had been supporting the house of Saul, defected to David's side. Abner made a deal with David to bring all of Israel under his rule, but before he could fulfill his promise, he was killed by Joab, who was seeking revenge for the death of his brother Asahel. David was not involved in Abner's death and publicly mourned his loss, declaring that he and his kingdom were guiltless of Abner's blood.
Chapter 4
Saul's son Ishbosheth was murdered by Rechab and Baanah, two of his captains, who then brought his head to David in Hebron, expecting a reward. However, David was outraged by their actions and had them executed for killing a righteous person in his own home. The head of Ishbosheth was then buried in the sepulchre of Abner in Hebron.
Chapter 5
The tribes of Israel came to David at Hebron, acknowledging him as their leader and king, and he made a covenant with them before the Lord. David was anointed king over Israel at the age of 30 and reigned for 40 years, with 7 years and 6 months in Hebron and 33 years in Jerusalem. He captured the stronghold of Zion from the Jebusites and made it his capital, renaming it the city of David. David then defeated the Philistines twice, once at Baalperazim and again in the valley of Rephaim, with the Lord's guidance and assistance.
Chapter 6
David gathered 30,000 chosen men of Israel to bring the ark of God from Baale of Judah to the city of David. Uzzah, one of the sons of Abinadab, was struck down by God for touching the ark when the oxen shook it. David was afraid and left the ark in the house of Obededom the Gittite for three months, during which time the Lord blessed Obededom's household. David then brought the ark to the city of David with gladness, dancing and sacrificing before the Lord, but his wife Michal despised him for his actions.
Chapter 7
King David, having rest from his enemies, expresses his desire to build a house for the Lord, but the Lord tells Nathan the prophet that He has not dwelt in a house since bringing the Israelites out of Egypt. The Lord instead promises to establish David's kingdom and throne forever, and to make his seed after him build a house for His name. David responds with a prayer of gratitude and humility, acknowledging the Lord's greatness and His covenant with Israel, and asks the Lord to establish His promise to David's house forever.
Chapter 8
David defeated the Philistines, Moab, and Hadadezer, king of Zobah, and made them his servants, forcing them to pay tribute. He also defeated the Syrians of Damascus and put garrisons in their land, making them his servants as well. David took much spoil from these victories, including gold, silver, and brass, which he dedicated to the Lord. He established a strong government in Israel, with Joab as commander of the army, Zadok and Ahimelech as priests, and his sons as chief rulers.
Chapter 9
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Chapter 10
David sent his servants to comfort Hanun, the new king of Ammon, after his father's death, but Hanun's princes advised him that David's intentions were not genuine, and Hanun humiliated David's servants by shaving off half their beards and cutting their garments. In response, David sent Joab and his army to fight the Ammonites, who had hired Syrian mercenaries, and the Israelites defeated both the Ammonites and the Syrians. The Syrians regrouped and were again defeated by David's army, resulting in the death of their captain, Shobach, and the surrender of the Syrian kings who served under Hadarezer.
Chapter 11
David sent Joab to battle against the Ammonites while he stayed in Jerusalem, where he saw and became infatuated with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. David had Uriah brought back from battle, but Uriah refused to go home to his wife while his fellow soldiers were still at war. David then had Uriah drunk and sent him back to the battlefront with a letter instructing Joab to have him killed. Uriah was subsequently killed in battle, and David married Bathsheba, who bore him a son, but the Lord was displeased with David's actions.
Chapter 12
The prophet Nathan confronted King David about his sin with Bathsheba, using a parable about a rich man who took a poor man's only lamb. David, unaware that the story was about him, condemned the rich man and was then told by Nathan that he was the one who had sinned. David confessed his sin and was forgiven by God, but the child born to him and Bathsheba was struck with illness and died. After the child's death, David comforted his wife and later had another son, Solomon, who was loved by God.
Chapter 13
Amnon, the son of King David, fell in love with his half-sister Tamar, and with the help of his friend Jonadab, tricked her into coming to his house, where he raped her. After the assault, Amnon hated Tamar and sent her away. Tamar's brother Absalom found out about the incident and waited two years for revenge, eventually killing Amnon at a feast. When King David heard the news, he was grief-stricken, but Jonadab reassured him that only Amnon was dead, not all of his sons. Absalom then fled to Geshur, where he stayed for three years, while King David mourned the loss of his son Amnon and longed to see Absalom again.
Chapter 14
Joab, aware of King David's affection for his banished son Absalom, devised a plan to have Absalom return to Jerusalem. He sent a wise woman from Tekoah to the king, instructing her to feign a story of a son who killed his brother and was now in danger of being killed by their family, in order to persuade the king to show mercy. The king, moved by the woman's story, promised to protect her son, and the woman then revealed that she was speaking on behalf of Joab, who was seeking to have Absalom returned to Jerusalem. The king agreed, and Absalom was brought back, but was not allowed to see the king's face.
Chapter 15
Absalom, David's son, began to secretly gather support among the Israelites by offering to hear their cases and provide justice, thereby gaining their loyalty. After four years, Absalom asked David for permission to go to Hebron to fulfill a vow, but instead, he sent out spies and gathered 200 men to join him in a rebellion against his father. When David learned of the conspiracy, he fled Jerusalem with his household, leaving behind ten concubines to care for the house. David's servants, including the Cherethites, Pelethites, and Gittites, remained loyal to him, and he sent the ark of God back to Jerusalem, entrusting it to Zadok and Abiathar. David then continued on to the wilderness, where he met Hushai, who offered to return to Jerusalem and serve as a spy for David, providing information to Zadok and Abiathar.
Chapter 16
David encounters Ziba, who brings him supplies and informs him that Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan, has remained in Jerusalem, expecting to be restored to the throne. David rewards Ziba with all of Mephibosheth's possessions. David then meets Shimei, a relative of Saul, who curses and throws stones at him, but David refuses to harm Shimei, believing the Lord has allowed the cursing. Meanwhile, Absalom arrives in Jerusalem with Ahithophel, who advises him to sleep with David's concubines to demonstrate his rebellion against his father, and Absalom follows this counsel.
Chapter 17
Ahithophel advised Absalom to pursue David with 12,000 men, but Hushai countered that this plan was not good, suggesting instead that Absalom gather all of Israel and lead them to battle personally. Absalom and the men of Israel preferred Hushai's counsel, which was actually intended to help David. Hushai then sent a message to David, warning him to cross the Jordan River quickly, which David did, escaping Absalom's forces. Ahithophel, realizing his counsel was not followed, took his own life. Meanwhile, Absalom made Amasa the captain of his host and pitched his camp in the land of Gilead, while David received supplies and support from Shobi, Machir, and Barzillai in Mahanaim.
Chapter 18
David divided his army into three groups, led by Joab, Abishai, and Ittai, and instructed them to deal gently with his son Absalom. The battle took place in the wood of Ephraim, where 20,000 Israelites were killed, and Absalom's forces were defeated. Absalom was caught in a tree by his hair, and despite the king's orders to spare him, Joab had him killed. The news of Absalom's death was brought to David by Cushi, and upon hearing it, David was overcome with grief and wept for his son.
Chapter 19
King David mourned the death of his son Absalom, which led to his people being ashamed and hiding in the city. Joab rebuked the king for his behavior, warning that if he didn't change his attitude, his servants would abandon him. The king then sat in the gate, and the people came to him, discussing how to bring him back to power. David sent a message to the elders of Judah, asking why they were the last to bring him back, and they eventually sent word for him to return. The king crossed the Jordan River, where he was met by various people, including Shimei, who had previously cursed him, and Mephibosheth, who had not joined him in his time of need. David forgave Shimei and divided the land between Mephibosheth and Ziba. The king also met with Barzillai, who was too old to join him in Jerusalem, but offered his servant Chimham to go in his place. The people of Israel and Judah argued over who had the right to bring the king back, with the men of Judah claiming the king was their relative, and the men of Israel arguing they had more right to him.
Chapter 20
Sheba, a Benjamite, led a rebellion against King David, and many Israelites followed him, but the men of Judah remained loyal to David. David ordered Amasa to gather the men of Judah to pursue Sheba, but Amasa was late, so David sent Joab and his men instead. Joab killed Amasa and continued the pursuit, eventually besieging Sheba in Abel of Bethmaachah. A wise woman intervened, and Joab agreed to spare the city if Sheba was handed over, which was done, and Sheba's head was thrown over the wall.
Chapter 21
A three-year famine in Israel led David to seek the Lord, who revealed that the famine was a result of Saul's actions against the Gibeonites. David offered to make amends and the Gibeonites requested seven of Saul's sons to be hanged, which David agreed to, sparing Mephibosheth due to a prior oath. The seven sons were hanged, and Rizpah, the mother of two of the sons, mourned their deaths. David then retrieved the bones of Saul and Jonathan from Jabesh-gilead and buried them in the family tomb. The Philistines continued to wage war against Israel, and David's men fought against them, with Abishai saving David's life and other warriors defeating various Philistine giants.
Chapter 22
David praises God as his rock, fortress, and deliverer, who saved him from his enemies and Saul. He describes God's power and wrath, saying that God heard his cry for help and delivered him from his troubles. David attributes his victories to God's strength and power, saying that God made his way perfect and gave him the shield of salvation. He also thanks God for delivering him from his enemies and for showing mercy to him and his descendants.
Chapter 23
David, the son of Jesse, speaks of the qualities of a just ruler, saying they must rule in the fear of God and be like the light of the morning. He notes that although his house is not perfect with God, he has made an everlasting covenant with him. David then lists the names of his mighty men, including Adino, Eleazar, and Shammah, who performed great deeds in battle. Three of the thirty chief men, including Abishai and Benaiah, also accomplished notable feats, such as breaking through the Philistine host to bring David water from the well of Bethlehem.
Chapter 24
The Lord incited David to take a census of Israel and Judah, which Joab, the captain of the host, reluctantly carried out, resulting in a count of 800,000 valiant men in Israel and 500,000 men in Judah. David later regretted his decision, acknowledging it as a sin, and the Lord offered him a choice of three punishments: seven years of famine, three months of fleeing from enemies, or three days of pestilence. David chose the pestilence, which resulted in the death of 70,000 men, but the Lord relented when the angel reached Jerusalem. David then built an altar on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite, where he offered burnt and peace offerings, and the plague was stayed from Israel.
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